Healthcare specialists in Spain have highlighted the wide-ranging impact of obesity on women’s health, describing the condition as a chronic disease capable of affecting multiple organs and bodily systems throughout different life stages. The warning was emphasised during the scientific meeting “Obesity and Women: New Perspectives”, organised by HM Hospitales, where experts stressed that obesity must be understood as a complex health issue rather than a matter limited to body weight.

According to Manuel Marcos, coordinator of Gynaecological Emergency Services at HM Hospitales in Spain, obesity has long-term consequences that extend across adolescence, reproductive years, menopause and older age. The condition has been associated with an increased likelihood of developing metabolic, cardiovascular and gynaecological disorders, alongside notable psychological repercussions.

Impact Across Biological Stages of Women’s Lives

Medical observations from Spain indicate that the clinical consequences of obesity vary depending on a woman’s biological stage. During childhood and adolescence, excess weight may be linked to early onset of puberty, endocrine disruptions and conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Research published in journals such as The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology supports the association between obesity and hormonal dysregulation, particularly during early reproductive development.

In women of reproductive age, specialists in Spain report that obesity is connected with fertility challenges and elevated risks during pregnancy. These include gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders such as pre-eclampsia, premature birth and a higher incidence of caesarean deliveries. Scientific evidence from the World Health Organization (WHO) also identifies maternal obesity as a significant factor influencing pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes.

During menopause, healthcare professionals in Spain note that obesity may intensify climacteric symptoms, increase pelvic floor dysfunction, and raise susceptibility to urinary tract infections. Additionally, epidemiological studies have identified a higher probability of developing uterine and breast cancers among women with persistent obesity, reinforcing the need for consistent monitoring.

Emotional and Social Dimensions

Experts in Spain have also drawn attention to the psychological burden associated with obesity in women. Social expectations regarding physical appearance can increase emotional distress, potentially contributing to anxiety, depression and reduced quality of life. Paula Barriga, Managing Director of Novo Nordisk in Spain, highlighted that women have historically been underdiagnosed and undertreated for obesity, despite experiencing greater social and emotional pressures linked to body image.

Scientific literature, including studies published by the American Psychological Association, demonstrates that weight-related stigma can negatively affect mental health outcomes and reduce engagement with healthcare services.

Importance of Early Detection and Coordinated Treatment

Healthcare professionals in Spain emphasise that early identification is fundamental for improving long-term outcomes. Specialists highlight that gynaecological consultations often serve as one of the few regular medical check-ups women attend, making them crucial opportunities for identifying weight-related health risks.

Experts advocate a multidisciplinary management model involving primary care physicians, endocrinologists, gynaecologists, nutrition specialists, physical activity professionals and psychologists. Evidence published in Obesity Reviews suggests that integrated treatment strategies produce more sustainable results than isolated interventions.

Therapeutic approaches, including pharmacological treatments and bariatric surgery in selected cases, may offer clinical benefits when appropriately indicated and medically supervised. However, specialists in Spain underline that lifestyle modifications—such as balanced nutrition, regular physical activity and behavioural support—remain essential for long-term success.

Long-Term Medical and Social Responsibility

Spanish healthcare experts emphasise that obesity should be treated as a chronic, relapsing condition that requires continuous professional monitoring. They also stress the importance of adopting non-stigmatising communication and promoting medical education to enhance early diagnosis and personalised care.

As highlighted by specialists in Spain, improving awareness, strengthening preventive strategies and ensuring ongoing medical support are essential to reducing the health burden associated with obesity and enhancing the quality of life for women at all stages of life.