Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as a significant public health concern in Chile, with health authorities estimating that around 10% of the population may be living with some degree of renal impairment. According to data from the Chilean Ministry of Health (MINSAL), the condition often progresses silently, delaying diagnosis and limiting opportunities for timely intervention.
CKD is characterised by a gradual loss of kidney function and frequently develops without clear symptoms in its early stages. As a result, many individuals are unaware of the disease until kidney damage is already advanced, increasing the risk of severe complications and the need for complex medical treatments.
Risk factors and gaps in early diagnosis
MINSAL has identified several factors that significantly contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease, including high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and excessive salt intake. In addition, a low rate of preventive health checks — particularly among asymptomatic individuals — has been highlighted as a major barrier to early detection in Chile.
Meline Torreblanca, an academic from the Faculty of Nursing at Universidad Andrés Bello, explains that hypertension and diabetes are the most common risk factors, followed by obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, ageing and a family history of kidney disease. These elements often coexist, further increasing the likelihood of renal deterioration over time.
The importance of early screening
Experts agree that early detection is crucial in slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Simple and widely available tests — such as blood pressure measurements, blood glucose monitoring, and urine and blood analyses — can identify early signs of kidney dysfunction. When detected promptly, disease progression can often be slowed through lifestyle modifications and appropriate medical treatment.
Healthcare professionals in Chile continue to emphasise the role of health education in prevention. Promoting balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, adequate hydration and avoiding self-medication are considered essential measures. Particular caution is advised regarding the prolonged use of anti-inflammatory drugs, which can negatively affect kidney function when taken without medical supervision.
Practical recommendations to protect kidney health
Specialists outline three core pillars for prevention: effective control of underlying conditions such as hypertension and diabetes; the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits; and access to clear, reliable information about kidney disease.
Simple actions can make a meaningful difference, including:
Regular monitoring of blood pressure and blood glucose levels
Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly and reducing salt intake
Avoiding self-medication, especially with anti-inflammatory drugs
Not smoking
Undergoing recommended tests for those with diabetes, hypertension, a family history of kidney disease or those over 60 years of age
Seeking medical advice if symptoms such as leg swelling, changes in urine or unexplained fatigue occur
As awareness grows in Chile, health authorities and experts stress that prevention and early diagnosis remain the most effective tools to reduce the burden of chronic kidney disease and protect long-term kidney health.